History of commercial development History of commercial development
Edo period
[Ieyasu Tokugawa's entry to Edo and creation of the city]
In 1590, Ieyasu entered Edo Castle. At this time, Edo looked like a small post town, and most of the current Chuo-ku was the sea. Ieyasu, who maintained the castle little by little, opened the Shogunate in 1603 and made a large-scale construction, and by the following year most of the current Chuo-ku except Tsukiji was reclaimed. At the same time, there is also a highway connecting the Tokaido and Oshu Kaido, from Shimbashi to Kyobashi and Nihonbashi to Muromachi 3-chome, and shops are starting to build one after another.
[Formation of Shopping Streets]
After the market supporting the stomach of the people of Edo was reclaimed, it was opened one after another.
It is a fish market in Nihonbashi and Kyobashi.
In addition, the shopping streets spread from Honmachi, Otemmacho, Yokoyamacho, Bakurocho, and Hatagocho on the north side to Nihonbashi, Kyobashi, Ginza, and Shimbashi in the south. In the southern area, Kansai merchants who came to Tokyo after hearing rumors opened stores one after another. It was the sankin kotai system, which was enacted in 1635. It was spurred by the flashy money of the daimyo.
[The Great Fire of the Meiryaku era]
However, the great fire of the Meiryaku era, which burned out 60% of Edo city in New Year's Day in 1657, turned most of the current Chuo-ku into ash.
However, with the active promotion of the shogunate's recovery, it showed a wonderful recovery.
Since then, fires have occurred dozens of times until the Taisho era, but the strength of Edo, which will be restored each time, can be said to be considerable.
[Genroku era]
During this period, which is said to be the development period of Osaka commerce, emerging merchants have emerged in Edo. The representative of this is Mitsui Echigo-ya, which has no current silver price. It was changed from a method of negotiating and deciding the price until then to a method of collecting cash at a fixed price. When this commercial law came into effect, other kimono shops also came out. It was also during this period that Shirakiya, the predecessor of Tokyu Department Store, developed.
[Culture and Bunsei Period]
While Edo culture has reached its point, the number of restaurants has increased dramatically in terms of commerce.
It was at this time that Mojuro Sugimoto appeared. The cargo of the ten-gumi wholesalers in Edo was supposed to be transported by Hishigaki Kaisen, but cargo from Osaka tended to be delayed due to the aging of the Hishigaki Kaisen. Juro Shigeru, the president of the ten-gumi wholesaler, succeeded in turning a new ship to the Hishigaki Kaisen, and became a boss in the commercial world.
However, I'm going to lose my legs after that.
[Soaring prices in late Tokugawa shogunate and Breakdown]
At a time after the opening of the port near Yokohama, the distribution route was disrupted, and prices of rice and cereals soared. In conjunction with the social psychology that the times are changing, Edo Prefecture was exposed to the wave of destruction for about three days.
In Chuo-ku, there was no damage as much as other areas, but there seemed to be considerable examples of selling rice and burning.
Meiji period
[The Origin of Tokyo]
After the bloodless opening of Edo Castle in 1868, the Meiji New Government changed Edo to "Tokyo" in the sense of the capital east to Kyoto. I set up Tokyo prefecture.
In the same year, the Emperor was greeted at Edo Castle.
[Residence for Foreigners]
After the Meiji Restoration, there was no shortage of commerce in Tokyo. The government, like Yokohama, has opened a foreign settlement near Akashicho to invite foreign trade merchants. It was November 1868. The Tsukiji Hotel Building was also built nearby as an accommodation for foreigners. In addition, for this purpose, Shin-Shimabara Yukaku was also created.
However, the trade merchants who had already settled in Yokohama did not try to move, and church mission schools were built different from the original plan, and remained there after the settlement was abolished in 1899.
[Ginza Brick Street]
Ginza, which was hit by a fire for five years in 1869, decided to take advantage of this as a non-combustible brick town. After expanding the width of the main street to about 27 meters for 15 spaces, it was entrusted to the design of the British Wartors.
In this way, the high color street of Ginza was completed around 1877, but when it was completed, the humidity was piled up, some people became beef, the clothes were picked up, yamori and centipedes appeared, and the residents fled one after another, and in front of the main vacant house, bear sumo wrestling, dog dance, peeping glasses, bowing field, etc. temporarily flourished.
In 2015, railway carriages began to run on the main street, and arc lights were turned on.
However, it is only 20 years that the residents of the back street have returned.
[Ginza Newspaper Street]
Newspapers have entered the back street where people have gone. Ginza, a commercial center, and close to the economic center, Nihonbashi and Kyobashi, there is no such good location. "Yomiuri Shimbun", "Tokyo Nippon Shimbun", "Asano Shimbun", "Akebono Shimbun", "Kanayo Shimbun", "Jiji Shinpo", "Asahi Shimbun", "Yamato Shimbun", "Kokumin Shimbun", "Jiyu Shimbun", "Meikyo Shimpo", one after another. Gathered to form a major information town. In addition, print-related companies also came following this.
Bank of Japan, Kabuto-cho, Oyster shell-cho
When commerce was developing brilliantly in Ginza, the foundation of the capitalist economy was steadily being created around Nihonbashi.
In 1869, a former Tokyo foreign exchange company was established in Osakacho, but it failed, and the opening of Daiichi National Bank in six years was the pioneer of the bank. As of 2013, there were 24 lines in Tokyo, of which 20 were Nihonbashi and 4 were Kyobashi.
The Bank of Japan opened in 2015 and moved to its current location in 2029.
The Tokyo Stock Exchange, the predecessor of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, was opened in 1878, and securities companies stood in the surrounding area, creating a unique town called Shima.
In addition, the rice trading office in Kakigara-cho merged the same place in Kabuto-cho in 1883 to become the Tokyo Rice Grain Exchange, and took a step forward to setting the official market.
[Kan Factory]
Many shops sold products side by side in a single building, like the founder of Debert. It began in the middle of the Meiji 10s, but most of it was built in the early 30s. The Imperial Hakuhinkan, which was located at the present Hakuhinkan, also opened in 1932. The passage was a slope, and the way to shop while walking was predominant.
This also affected ordinary shops, and the commercial law changed from sitting to standing selling. In addition, many show windows have come to be seen.
Taisho era
[Opening of Tokyo Station]
It opened in 1914, but the foot to Nihonbashi and Kyobashi has become more convenient. In addition, the maintenance of traffic in the city has also progressed.
The Great Kanto Earthquake
The earthquake on September 1, 1923 and the subsequent fires resulted in most of Nihonbashi and Kyobashi wards, which are now Chuo-ku, turned into rubble and ash. The city of Ginza, which was made of bricks, could not be held up.
Showa and pre-war days
New Town Development
Tokyo, which had disappeared due to the earthquake, had to be rebuilt from scratch again. However, in terms of modernization of Tokyo, it may be said that this has resulted in good results. Taking advantage of this, drastic urban innovation was implemented, and bright and modern urban development was promoted.
What was particularly noticeable was the building construction rush. Debert, theaters, hospitals, etc. were built one after another in Nihonbashi, Ginza, and Marunouchi.
[Prosperity of Ginza Street]
In Ginza, Mitsukoshi, Matsuzakaya, and Matsuya were lined up, leading the way to reconstruction. Before the earthquake, modern shops such as Ebisu Beer Hall, Cafe Plantan, Lion, Shiseido Soda Funten, and Senbikiya were born one after another, and the cafe era came.
It relapsed since the recession in 1926 after the earthquake. Although flashy services are sold, Osaka Capital Cafe has entered Ginza, a dance hall has been opened, coffee shops have become popular, and it has become a big cafe era.
Inspired by the atmosphere of such a city, the Ginbra tribe was born. The word Mopo Moga (modern boy modern girl) was also born. However, this Got Old Day did not last forever. In the Showa 10's, as the war worsened, the glow of illuminations gradually became lonely.
[Opening of Central Wholesale Market]
After the earthquake, the fish shore in Nihonbashi moved to Shibaura and was operating under a tent, but in 1935 it was moved to Tsukiji. The issue of relocation of the Nihonbashi Fish Bank has been a concern for some time, but it was realized in the wake of the earthquake. At the same time, the green market in Kyobashi was also moved here, and most of Tokyo's food was taken on. In the vicinity, a shopping street with market participants as customers was formed.
[The deterioration of war conditions and shopping streets]
At the time of the Manchurian Incident in 1931, it was a reasonable dormitory, but I began to enter the wartime regime around the Japan-China Incident in 2012. Ginza, which showed that prosperity, began to show off, the dance hall was abolished in 2015, and in 2019, cafe bar and luxury restaurants were also closed. Instead, porridges and national taverns were opened here and there.
Full-scale control began in 1941, and the commercial structure itself became a distribution route. Control ranged from textiles, clothing, food and household goods to match, hand paper and right.
In addition to controlling distribution, price control was also implemented. In 1938, "Goods Sales Control Regulations" and "Right Control Regulations" were issued one after another, but prices continued to rise, so on September 19, 2014, all products, fares, insurance premiums, rents, processing fees, etc. Has stopped prices. Nevertheless, the government decided on the official price as it was ineffective. This was a famous ○ official, and at the end of the war, it was set to over 100,000 products.
As a result of the above controls, the products that could be handled freely were stationery and booth miscellaneous goods, and the functions of commerce were completely destroyed.
Showa and postwar
[Status immediately after defeat]
Chuo-ku was one of the most severely damaged areas by the war, and about 50% of Nihonbashi and about 20% of Kyobashi were burned down. Not only material damage, but also human damage due to war deaths and war injuries was enormous.
Prosperity of Yami City
Stall merchants were the first to play the commercial functions that had been paralyzed by wartime control after the war. Stalls lined up on Muromachi 4-chome, Yaesu-dori, Ningyocho, Kakigara-cho, Tsukishima-dori, Ginza-dori green space, etc., and illegally released items by military personnel were mainly sold.
[Reconstruction of wholesalers]
Nihonbashi Yokoyama-cho and Bakurocho were the earliest reconstruction in the wholesale district. Products were piled up in stores, and the number of buyers exceeded 30,000 a day. This was because the "Yokoyamacho / Bakurocho Wholesalers Federation" was organized early after the war, and the entire area was reconstructed.
With that in mind, Nihonbashi once again returned as the commercial center of Japan as the reconstruction of other wholesale districts.
[Reconstruction and Transformation of Ginza Shopping Street]
Ginza was said to only 34% of the buildings that were before the war at the time of the defeat due to the war and evacuation, but due to the familiarity of the fire from the Edo era, reconstruction proceeded smoothly as war control was lifted. Was.
However, the cityscape like before the war has not been reproduced.
In the past, it was felt that long-established stores were lined up and dance halls, cafes, and department stores were scattered, but after the war, restaurants became the mainstay, and the number of department stores and similar buildings increased. Following Matsuya, Matsuzakaya, and Mitsukoshi before the war, Komatsu Store, San-Ai, Meitetsu Melsa New Melsa, and Hankyu, Sony Building and Plantan Ginza were built a little further away.
At one time, "Miyuki Street" was more popular than these department stores. There are more than 20 shops dealing with imported goods, and it seems that there was a foreign atmosphere because foreigners often pass, so it was called a town that created the "fade fashion trend".
It is often said that Ginza's vitality is gone. Before the war, all shops were open until late at night, but now there are many shops that close by around 9 o'clock according to the provisions of the Labor Standards Law, regardless of the back street with many bars and restaurants, the main street is late at night There are not many shops that are open, and there are sparse people who come and go.
However, looking at the crowd on Sunday, I feel that the status of the king in the shopping street is unwavering. Pedestrian paradise was first implemented in 1970, but since then, every Saturday, Sunday and public holidays, the main street has been opened to pedestrians, and a wide street has been filled with people, mainly for families, and it is bustling. Showing.
[Development of each shopping street]
The most developed shopping streets other than Ginza is the Yaesu Underground Shopping Center.
Office officials often use it for lunch breaks and return trips.
If it is a shopping street closely with the locals, it is still Ningyocho. There are quite a few old shops left because they were hardly affected by the war. The shopping streets supported by the people of the town, such as the shopping streets of Tsukishima, have also developed their own.
